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People tend to hold overly favorable views of their abilities in many social and intellectual domains. The authors suggest that this overestimation occurs, in part, because people who are unskilled in these domains suffer a dual burden: Not only do these people reach erroneous conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but their incompetence robs them of the metacognitive ability to realize it. Across 4 studies, the authors found that participants scoring in the bottom quartile on tests of humor, grammar, and logic grossly overestimated their test performance and ability. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile, they estimated themselves to be in the 62nd. Several analyses linked this miscalibration to deficits in metacognitive skill, or the capacity to distinguish accuracy from error. Paradoxically, improving the skills of participants, and thus increasing their metacognitive competence, helped them recognize the limitations of their abilities.

 

A Glasgow smile (also known as a Glasgow grin, Anna grin, Chelsea grin or Chelsea smile) is a nickname for the practice of cutting a victim's face from the edges of the mouth to the ears. The cut – and the scars it leaves – form an "extension" of what resembles a smile. Sometimes to further hurt or even kill the victim, he or she would then be stabbed or kicked, most notably in the stomach (or in case of kicking, the groin), so that the face would be ripped apart when the victim screamed. The practice originated in the Scottish city of Glasgow, which gave it its name. It also became popular in Chelsea, London (where it is known as a "Chelsea grin") and other areas of Britain, for gangs hoping to leave a message to rival gang members. If cut deep enough, the victim may bleed to death.

 

 

 

 

Spam is a huge issue for most Internet users – in fact, 52% of participants polled in a recent survey stated that spam was a major problem. And despite the evolution of anti spam software, such as spam filters and spam blockers, the negative effects of spam are still being felt by individuals and businesses alike. Think you know all you need to know about spam? Read on for some alarming spam statistics and facts about spam email.

 

Statistics and Facts About Spam

Spam accounts for 14.5 billion messages globally per day. In other words, spam makes up 45% of all emails. Some research companies estimate that spam email makes up an even greater portion of global emails, some 73% in fact. The United States is the number one generator of spam email, with Korea clocking in as the second largest contributor of unwanted email.

The most prevalent type of spam is advertising-related email; this type of spam accounts for approximately 36% of all spam messages. The second most common category of spam is adult-related in subject and makes up roughly 31.7% of all spam. Unwanted emails related to financial matters is the third most popular form of spam, at 26.5%.

Surprisingly, scams and fraud comprise only 2.5% of all spam email; however, identity theft (which is known as phishing) makes up 73% of this figure.

Because spam has inundated both the personal and corporate world of emailing, it has affected the way that individuals and companies feel about spam. In fact, surveys have found that spam has led to decreased public confidence and trust in Internet communications. A study conducted in 2005 found that 53% of people interviewed had lost confidence in communicating through email due to spam. However, this percentage dropped from 62% the year before.

Companies also find spam a troublesome problem that reduces productivity and safety. Fifty two percent of companies interviewed for a recent study listed minimizing spam as their top priority.

However, anti spam measures such as spam blockers provide some hope in the fight against unwanted email. In fact, MSN alone blocks some 2.4 billion spam emails every day.

 

 

The Costs of Spam: How Spam Affects Your Bottom Line

According to a study by the Radicati Research Group Inc., a research firm based in Palo Alto, California, spam costs businesses $20.5 billion annually in decreased productivity as well as in technical expenses. Nucleus Research estimates that the average loss per employee annually because of spam is approximately $1934.

Predictions for the future costs of spam don’t look any brighter. It is estimated that 58 billion junk emails will be sent every day within the next four years, a figure that will cost businesses some $198 billion annually.

However, some researchers believe that based on an estimated current cost of $49 annually per inbox, the total cost of spam for businesses will balloon to $257 billion per year if spam continues to flourish at its current rate.

“Pain is inevitable. Suffering is optional.” - Haruki Murakami

 

Subjective validation, sometimes called personal validation effect, is a cognitive bias by which a person will consider a statement or another piece of information to be correct if it has any personal meaning or significance to them. In other words, a person whose opinion is affected by subjective validation will perceive two unrelated events (i.e., a coincidence) to be related because their personal belief demands that they be related. Closely related to the Forer effect, subjective validation is an important element in cold reading. It is considered to be the main reason behind most reports of paranormal phenomena

 

 

 

 

 

Caffeine
This is why the world produces more than 16 billion pounds of coffee beans per year. It's actually an alkaloid plant toxin (like nicotine and cocaine), a bug killer that stimulates us by blocking neuroreceptors for the sleep chemical adenosine. The result: you, awake.

Water
Hot H2O is a super solvent, leaching flavors and oils out of the coffee bean. A good cup of joe is 98.75 percent water and 1.25 percent soluble plant matter. Caffeine is a diuretic, so coffee newbies pee out the water quickly; java junkies build up resistance.

2-Ethylphenol
Creates a tarlike, medicinal odor in your morning wake-up. It's also a component of cockroach alarm pheromones, chemical signals that warn the colony of danger.

Quinic acid
Gives coffee its slightly sour flavor. On the plus side, it's one of the starter chemicals in the formulation of Tamiflu.

3,5 Dicaffeoylquinic acid
When scientists pretreat neurons with this acid in the lab, the cells are significantly (though not completely) protected from free-radical damage. Yup: Coffee is a good source of antioxidants.

Dimethyl disulfide
A product of roasting the green coffee bean, this compound is just at the threshold of detectability in brewed java. Good thing, too, as it's one of the compounds that gives human feces its odor.

Acetylmethylcarbinol
That rich, buttery taste in your daily jolt comes in part from this flammable yellow liquid, which helps give real butter its flavor and is a component of artificial flavoring in microwave popcorn.

Putrescine
Ever wonder what makes spoiled meat so poisonous? Here you go. Ptomaines like putrescine are produced when E. coli bacteria in the meat break down amino acids. Naturally present in coffee beans, it smells, as you might guess from the name, like Satan's outhouse.

Trigonelline
Chemically, it's a molecule of niacin with a methyl group attached. It breaks down into pyridines, which give coffee its sweet, earthy taste and also prevent the tooth-eating bacterium Streptococcus mutans from attaching to your teeth. Coffee fights the Cavity Creeps.

Niacin
Trigonelline is unstable above 160 degrees F; the methyl group detaches, unleashing the niacin—vitamin B3—into your cup. Two or three espressos can provide half your recommended daily allowance.

 

 

All 11 members of a football team were killed by a bolt of lightning which left the other team unhurt, a Congolese newspaper has reported.

Thirty other people received burns at the match in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Kinshasa daily newspaper L'Avenir said local opinion - known to believe in charms and spells - was divided over whether someone had cursed the team.

The two sides were drawing 1-1 in the match in eastern Kasai Province when the lightning struck the visiting team.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/203137.stm

"The athletes from [the home team] Basanga curiously came out of this catastrophe unscathed," the paper said

 

Water intoxication (also known as hyper-hydration or water poisoning) is a potentially fatal disturbance in brain functions that results when the normal balance of electrolytes in the body is pushed outside of safe limits by over-consumption of water. Normal, healthy (both physically and nutritionally) individuals have little reason to worry about accidentally consuming too much water. Nearly all deaths related to water intoxication in normal individuals have resulted either from water drinking contests, in which individuals attempt to consume high amounts of water, or long bouts of intensive exercise during which electrolytes are not properly replenished, yet excessive amounts of fluid are still consumed

 

Each person has about the same number of brain cells at birth as in adulthood, but those cells grow, reaching maximum size at about age six.
A newborn’s brain triples its size in the first year of life (no wonder babies have such big heads!).
The sense of touch is the first sense to develop in a fetus, with the lips and cheeks experiencing this sensation at eight weeks.
Keep exercising your brain, because mental activity stimulates the creation of new neurons throughout your whole life.

 

Emo Phillips

 

3 = the weight of your brain in pounds
4 to 6 = the number of minutes your brain can survive without oxygen before it starts to die
8 to 10 = the number of seconds you have before losing consciousness due to blood loss
10 to 23 = the number of watts of power your grain generates when you’re awake (that’s enough to turn on a light bulb!)
20 = the percentages of oxygen and blood flow going to the brain
100,000 = the number of miles of blood vessels in your brain
1,000 to 10,000 = the number of synapses for each neuron in your brain
100 billion = the number of neurons in your brain

10¹⁴ to 5 × 10¹⁴ (100-500 trillion) = total number of synapses.

"Knowledge comes, but wisdom lingers."

Alfred Lord Tennyson

New connections are created each and every time you remember something or have a new thought.
Stronger, more intense emotional connections are linked to memories prompted by scent.
Memories triggered by scent (like cologne) have a stronger emotional connection, and therefore appear more intense than other memory triggers.
Cherish your sleep because that’s probably the best time for your brain to file away all the memories of the day.

If you place a tiny amount of alcohol on a scorpion, it will instantly go mad and sting itself to death.

It’s not your brain that’s hurting when you get a headache – without pain receptors, your brain can’t feel any pain.
Your brain knows when you tickle yourself, which is why you don’t bend over laughing.
Supertasters have a super power that enables them to sometimes taste flavours that others can’t detect; they have more taste buds and a brain that’s more sensitive to tastes of foods and drinks.
When you sleep, you’re virtually paralyzed because your brain creates a hormone to prevent you from acting out your dreams.
About 12% of people dream in black and white.
It’s not true that humans only use 10% of their brains; each part of the brain has a purpose.

The winter of 1932 was so cold that Niagara Falls froze completely solid.

A "jiffy" is an actual unit of time for 1/100th of a second.

The only three animals that can see behind itself without turning its head are - the rabbit, chameleon and the parrot.

On average the housefly lives for one month.

If you are locked in a completely sealed room, you will die of carbon dioxide poisoning first before you will die of oxygen deprivation.

New Zealand is also the only country that contains every type of climate in the world.

"Wise men talk because they have something to say; fools, because they have to say something." Plato

The average person spends 6 months of their life sitting at red lights.

 

Alligators cannot move backwards.

Bats always turn left when exiting a cave.

The human heart produces enough pressure to squirt blood 30 feet.

Cats have over one hundred vocal sounds, while dogs only have about ten.

Men can read smaller print than women; women can hear better.

Rats and horses can’t vomit.

 

It takes an interaction of 72 different muscles to produce human speech.

Mosquito repellents don't repel. They hide you. The spray blocks the mosquito's sensors so they don't know you're there.

Other than humans, black lemurs are the only primates that may have blue eyes.

Almost half the bones in your body are in your hands and feet.

Coconuts kill about 150 people each year. That’s more than sharks.

 

A giraffe can run faster then a horse, and can live without water longer than a camel.

The great Russian leader, Lenin died 21 January 1924, suffering from a degenerative brain disorder. At the time of his death his brain was a quarter of its normal size.

In the United States, a pound of potato chips costs two hundred times more than a pound of potatoes.

The average raindrop falls at 7 miles per hour.

It took Leonardo Da Vinci 10 years to paint Mona Lisa. He never signed or dated the painting. Leonardo and Mona had identical bone structures according to the painting. X-ray images have shown that there are 3 other versions under the original.

A vulnerability scanner is computer program designed to search for and map systems for weaknesses in an application, computer or networking device. Step 1, typically the scanner will first look for active IP addresses, open ports, OSes and any applications running. Step 2, It may at this point create a report or move to the next step. Step 3, try to determine the patch level of the OS or applications. In this process the scanner can cause an exploit of the vulnerability such as crash the OS or application. Step 4, the final phase the scanner may attempt to exploit the vulnerability. Scanners may either be malicious or friendly. Friendly scanners usually stop at step 2 and occasionally step 3 but never go to step 4.

A barnacle is a crustaceos that has the largest penis of any other animal in the world in relation to its size.

Approximately 98% of software in China is pirated.

Leonardo da Vinci could write with one hand while drawing with the other. He also invented scissors.

In Thailand, it is customary to give, not receive, presents on your birthday.

A fly can react to something it sees and change direction in 30 milliseconds.

A giraffe usually sleeps for only 1 - 12 minutes!

Bullet proof vests, fire escapes, windshield wipers, and laser printers were all invented by women

Organized crime is estimated to account for 10% of the United States' national income.

 

Nootropics, also referred to as smart drugs, memory enhancers, and cognitive enhancers, are drugs, nutraceuticals, brain food and functional foods that are purported to improve human cognitive abilities. The term covers a broad range of substances including drugs, nutrients and herbs with claimed cognitive enhancing effects.

The word nootropic was coined in 1964 by Dr. Corneliu E. Giurgea, derived from the Greek words noos, or "mind," and tropein meaning "to bend/turn". Typically, nootropics are thought to work by altering the availability of the brain's supply of neurochemicals (neurotransmitters, enzymes, and hormones), by improving the brain's oxygen supply, or by stimulating nerve growth. However the efficacy of nootropic substances in most cases has not been conclusively determined. This is complicated by the difficulty of defining and quantifying cognition and intelligence.

Currently there are several drugs on the market that improve memory, concentration, planning, and reduce impulsive behavior. Many more are in different stages of development. The most commonly used class of drug are the stimulants.

These drugs are used primarily to treat people with cognitive difficulties: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ADHD. However, more widespread use is being recommended by some researchers. These drugs have a variety of human enhancement applications as well and are marketed heavily on the internet. Nevertheless, intense marketing may not correlate with efficacy; while scientific studies support some of the claimed benefits, it is worth noting that many of the claims attributed to most nootropics have not been formally tested.

In academia, modafinil has been used to increase productivity, although its long-term effects have not been assessed in healthy individuals. Stimulants such as methylphenidate and atomoxetine are being used on college campuses, and by an increasingly younger group. One survey found that 7% of students had used stimulants for a cognitive edge in the past year, and on some campuses the number is as high as 25%.

 

 

 

 

Here are some of the drugs and the regimens reported by users

Description: Anonymous, married neuroscience graduate students at the University of Pennsylvania
Regimen: Provigil two to three times a month
Results: We both find that we get not only more work done on our "Provigil days" than any other entire week put together, but that work is actually *better quality* than the non-enhanced work. We generally have to write off the day after Provigil day as a lost cause. It's very draining.

Description: Anonymous, analyst, former liberal arts college student
Regimen: Various dosages of Ritalin, Concerta or Adderall throughout college (without a formal prescription) to "get the best out of myself" ... average of about five pills a week.
Results:"It actually worked ... made dean's list. My GPA went from mid 2s to 3.5 in about a two-to-three-year span. The boost from meds is undeniable. Adderall worked the best but made me the most twitchy. Ritalin was a 'lil more mellow so was probably my fav. I have not taken any in six to eight months because of the anxiety and other side effects it caused. I think it was a very dangerous path I found myself on, that I do not want others to undertake. Fortunately I had the foresight to get my act together and find another way."

Description: MR, cook
Regimen: I preload 2,000 mg of ibuprofen or acetaminophen before work. Super-busy days: 160 mg Adderall; normal days: 80 mg
Results: "When you have to juggle in upwards of 20 or 30 slips of orders at once, you take every bit of help you can get. The Ritalin or Adderall help focus and manage them better without getting too frazzled."

Description: Anonymous, computer science major, Central Michigan University
Regimen: Two pills Propranolol occasionally
Results: Within 10 minutes of taking two of the tiny pills, I began to feel different.  I can't say I was calmer per se, but it seemed to reduce the number of concurrent thoughts. It also annihilated any sense of competition. The effects of Propranolol only last about an hour. After it wears off, I am always very tired. I do still maintain a prescription of Propranolol, because it does wonders when public-speaking, writing papers or general musing.

Description: Anonymous, college student in Florida
Regimen: Adderall Extended Release 30 mg, five to six times
Results: I was super focused and driven to do anything constructive for about 10 hours. It definitely improved my SAT score.... It improved my attention to detail.

Description: Anonymous, lawyer
Regimen: Provigil, daily for several months
Results: "The effect at first was stupendous. Most of all, the effect was to help me concentrate. Every single moment of every working hour, I was concentrating on whatever I was doing. Daydreaming, extraneous thoughts and all distractions were banished. Productivity soared. The drug had no effect on my ability to sleep, so long as I took it before 11 a.m. But after a month or two, this effect became attenuated, so I stopped taking it.

Description: JW, journalist
Regimen: Began at 20 mg once a day
Results: I developed a dependence and it got out of hand -- sometimes 60 to 80 mg in a day, which would leave me wiped out and agitated.

Description: Capt. Nemo, owner of an ISP and programming shop
Regimen: One-half a Provigil tablet, three gingko capsules and a triple espresso
Results: I used to fall asleep at the service bench around 2 p.m. Now, I pretty much click along all day and still have enough reserve energy to service mama at night. ;)

Description: Anonymous, University of Washington student
Regimen: A battery of nooropics and similar drugs (DMAE, Vinpocetine, Pramiracetam, etc.) since last September or so.
Results: I swear by them. No negative side effects, and my brain functions 150 percent more effectively. More regular use gives improved enhancement.

Description: Anonymous, British entrepreneur
Regimen: Modafinil, two tablets around 9 p.m., around three times a month when I have a large block of work to push through
Results: It's enabled me to stay awake for 30 hours at a stretch, and improves my concentration and short-term memory significantly. Having taken it I don't feel tired, and I can think more clearly. Solutions are more obvious and I can concentrate a lot more on specific tasks, more easily ignoring distractions.

Description: Anonymous, postdoc
Regimen: Ritalin, Adderall, less common drugs, such as Piracetam and Selegiline; also Alzheimer's meds, such as Namenda andAricept.
Results: Wrote my high-intensity Ph.D. while on Adderall, wrote a 600-page monograph while on Namenda. I would recommend cognitive enhancement to everyone; however, meds will need to be prescribed and, more importantly, fine-tuned, and 99.99 percent of medical doctors will have no clue and no intention to help.

Description: Anonymous, liberal arts college student
Regimen: Ritalin and Adderall
Results: In my senior year of college, I wrote a 35-page political science thesis in less than 12 hours. Started at midnight, ended at 10:30 a.m. I received an A on the paper. I have felt more creative, more focused and more energetic as a result of taking these drugs.

Description: Anonymous, project manager at a CAD design firm for military contractors
Regimen: Ritalin, two to four 10-mg pills during the work week.
Results: I strategically take the first dose in the morning when I have the most work to do and projects to get organized. Every dose thereafter has less of an effect. I can only explain the drug as feeling physically much like coffee, however you mentally become entrenched in what you are doing. Mundane tasks and ideas turn into your new favorite subjects. They literally make productivity enjoyable. Even too enjoyable … I can accomplish more in one hour taking 20 mg, then I could normally accomplish in a full workday.

Description: Anonymous, student at a Northeastern IT college
Regimen: 15 mg, Focalin extended release. Break open the pills and inside, there are little beads. You can just chew them up. They taste surprisingly like candy.
Results: There was a clear difference in school. I should have just done this years ago. The pills aren't as helpful for the daily stuff as they are in doing big projects or meaningful work. The kind of thing where you'd like to sit down and really accomplish something -- that's where it shines. I'll stay on them for life, but eventually I'll switch to Adderall.

Description: Anonymous
Regimen: Used Modafinil 200 mg for about a year now. Four days on, two days off.
Results: Its good stuff. There is quite a synergistic effect with caffeine I have found. Caffeine seems to '"start it up" again when you think it's stopped working.

Julius Caesar’s autograph is worth about $2,000,000.

Einstein couldn't speak fluently until after his ninth birthday. His parents thought he was mentally retarded.

The colour of cuttle fish blood is blue and it has 3 hearts.

In the last 4000 years no new animals have been domesticated.

When a giraffe's baby is born it falls from a height of 2 meters, normally without being hurt.

The hyoid bone, in your throat, is the only bone in the body not attached to another bone.

Libya is the only country in the world with a solid, single-colored flag, it's green.

The Earth experiences 150 earth quakes each day and is hit by lightning 100 times a second.

60% of all people using the Internet, use it for pornography.

 

The heat a lightning bolt produces is five times hotter than the surface of the sun.

A blue whale needs 3 tonnes of food everyday.

The microwave owen was invented after a researcher walked by a radar tube and a chocolate bar melted in his pocket.

The basis of Google's search technology is called PageRank™, and assigns an "importance" value to each page on the web and gives it a rank to determine how useful it is. However, that's not why it's called PageRank. It's actually named after Google co-founder Larry Page.

Pearls melt in vinegar.

Stress the body's way of responding to some kind of demand. Stress can be caused by both good and bad experiences. When you are stressed by something happening around you, the bodie reacts by releasing chemicals into the blood. These chemicals give more energy and strength, which can be a good thing if the stress is caused by physical danger, but this can also be a bad thing, if the stress is in response to something emotional and there is no need for this extra strength and energy.


What Causes Stress?
Many things can cause stress, from physical stress, such as fear of something dangerous to emotional stress, such as worry over your job or family. Identifying what may be causing the stress is the first step in learning how to better deal it. Some of the most common sources of stress are:

Survival Stress - You may have heard the phrase "fight or flight" before. This is a common response to danger in all animals and people . When you are afraid that someone or something may physically hurt you, your body naturally responds with a burst of energy so that you will be better able to survive the dangerous situation (fight) or escape it all together (flight).

Environmental Stress - This is a response to things around you that cause stress, such as noise, crowding, and pressure from work or family. Identifying these environmental stresses and learning to avoid them or deal with them will help lower your stress level.

Internal Stress - Have you ever worry about things you can do nothing about or worrying for no reason at all? This is internal stress and it is one of the most important kinds of stress to manage and understand. Internal stress is when you make yourself stressed. This often happens when we worry about things we can't control or put ourselves in situations we know will cause us stress. Some people are addicted to the kind of hurried, tense, lifestyle that results from being under stress. They even look for stressful situations and feel stress about things that aren't stressful.

Fatigue and Overwork - This kind of stress builds up over a long time and can take a toll on your body. It can be caused by working too hard or too much at your job, school, or home. It can also be caused by not knowing how to manage your time well or how to take time out for rest and relaxation. This can be one of the hardest kinds of stress to avoid because many people feel this is out of their control.


Common Facts About Stress
-One fourth of all the drugs prescribed in the United States go to the treatment of stress.
-In fact, 3 out of 4 people say they experience stress at least twice a month.
-Stress can contribute to heart disease, high blood pressure, and strokes, and make you more likely to catch less serious illnesses like colds. It can also contribute to alcoholism, obesity, drug addiction, cigarette use, depression, and other harmful behaviors.
-Over half of those people say they suffer from 'high' levels of stress at least twice a month.
-In the last 20 years, the number of people reporting that stress affects their work has gone up more than four times. (Whereas the number of people reporting that other illnesses affect their work have gone down.)
-There are simple steps you can take to help reduce stress

Keystroke logging also called keylogging is basicaly a method of capturing and recording keystrokes. The name and technique came from before the era of the graphical user interface, keyloggers nowadays could capture also mouse operations and take screenshots. Keylogging can be useful to determine sources of errors in computer systems, to study how users interact and access with systems, and is even used to measure employee productivity on certain clerical tasks. Such systems are also highly useful for both law enforcement and law-breaking—for instance, providing a means to obtain passwords or encryption keys and thus bypassing other security measures. Invisible keyloggers are widely available on the Internet and often used to spy on other people.

 

Types of keystroke recorders:

1. Local computer software Keyloggers are programs that are designed to work on the target computer’s operating system. From a technical point of view there are four categories:
- Hypervisor-based: The keylogger resides in a malware hypervisor running underneath the operating system, which remains invisible, except that it effectively becomes a virtual machine.
- Kernel based: difficult both to write and combat. Such keyloggers reside at the kernel level and are thus difficult to detect, especially for user-mode applications. They are frequently implemented as rootkits that subvert the operating system kernel and gain unauthorized access to the hardware which makes them very powerful. A keylogger using this method can act as a keyboard driver for example, and thus gain access to any information typed on the keyboard as it goes to the operating system.
- Hook based: Such keyloggers hook the keyboard with functions provided by the operating system. The operating system warns them any time a key is pressed and it records it.
- Passive Methods: Here the coder uses operating system APIs like GetAsyncKeyState(), GetForegroundWindow(), etc. to poll the state of the keyboard or to subscribe to keyboard events. These are the easiest to write, but where constant polling of each key is required, they can cause a noticeable increase in CPU usage and can miss the occasional key. A more recent example simply polls the BIOS for preboot authentication PINs that have not been cleared from memory.
- Form Grabber based logs web form submissions by recording the web browsing .onsubmit event functions. This records form data before it is passed over the internet and bypasses https encryption.

2. Remote Access software Keyloggers are local software keyloggers programmed with an added feature to transmit recorded data out of the target computer and make the data available to the monitor at a remote location. Remote communication is facilitated by one of four methods:
- Data is uploaded to a website or an ftp account.
- Data is periodically emailed to a pre-defined email address.
- Data is wirelessly transmitted by means of an attached hardware system.
- It allows the monitor to log into the local machine via the internet or ethernet and access the logs stored on the target machine.

3. Hardware Keyloggers are used for keystroke recording by means of a hardware circuit that is attached somewhere in between the computer keyboard and the computer. It logs all keyboard activity to its internal memory, which can subsequently be accessed, for example, by typing in a secret key. A hardware keylogger has an advantage over a software solution; because it is not dependent on the computer's operating system, it will not interfere with any program running on the target machine and hence cannot be detected by any software, however its physical presence may be detected.

4. Remote Access Hardware Keyloggers, otherwise known as Wireless Hardware Keyloggers, work in much the same way as regular hardware keyloggers, except they have the ability to be controlled and monitored remotely by means of a wireless communication standard.

5. Wireless Keylogger sniffers collect packets of data being transferred from a wireless keyboard and its receiver and then attempts to crack the encryption key being used to secure wireless communications between the two devices.

6. Acoustic Keyloggers work by analyzing a recording of the sound created by someone typing on a computer. Each character on the keyboard makes a subtly different acoustic signature when stroked. Using statistical methods, it is then possible to identify which keystroke signature relates to which keyboard character. This is done by analyzing the repetition frequency of similar acoustic keystroke signatures, the timings between different keyboard strokes and other context information such as the probable language in which the user is writing. A fairly long recording (1000 or more keystrokes) is required so that the statistics are meaningful.

7. Electromagnetic Radiation loggers work by passively capturing electromagnetic emissions of a keyboard, without being physically wired to it. Some researchers demonstrated detecting keys from the ground cable of computers because of radiation leeks of the PS/2 keyboard cables.

You can protect against a software keylogger by using antivirus software or special anti-keylogging software. And against hardware ones by checking your computer for unknown devices plugged into it or wire extenders on keyboard wires. Extremely paranoid persons should check inside their keyboards and inside their computers also because you never know where the spy could have hidden it :)

If a man farted non-stop for six years and nine months and then lit it he would produce an explosion equal to the power of the first atomic bomb.

The butterfly has 1200 eyes. These are compound eyes consisting of thousands of hexagonal shaped omatidea. Each omatidea, or miniscule sensor, is directed at a slightly different angle from the others. Collectively they are directed in every direction -- up, down, forwards, backwards, left and right. Because of this, butterflies are able to see in virtually every direction simultaneously.

Until 1994, world maps and globes sold in Albania only had Albania on them.

A caterpillar has 2000 muscles, as compared to man who has only 656 muscles.

Bees have to suck about 4 million flowers to produce 1kg of honey.

Cockroaches' favorite food is the glue on envelopes and on the back of postage stamps.

French toast was known as German toast until World War One.

Donkeys kill more people than plane crashes.

Google started as a research project at Stanford University, created by Ph.D. candidates Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were 24 years old and 23 years old respectively (a combined 47 years old).

The credit crisis also known as a credit squeeze or a credit crunch is a reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from the banks. A credit crunch generally involves a reduction in the availability of credit independent of a rise in official interest rates. In such situations, the relationship between credit availability and interest rates has implicitly changed, such that either credit becomes less available at any given official interest rate, or there ceases to be a clear relationship between interest rates and credit availability (i.e. credit rationing occurs). Many times, a credit crunch is accompanied by a flight to quality by lenders and investors, as they seek less risky investments (often at the expense of small to medium size enterprises)

 

 

H. L. Mencken
"Love is the triumph of imagination over intelligence."